What is the purpose of footings in building construction?

The primary purpose of footings in building construction is to distribute the weight of the structure evenly across a larger area of the soil. This distribution is crucial for maintaining the stability and integrity of a building, as it prevents excessive stress on the ground beneath. Footings help to ensure that the load from the structure does not cause the soil to settle unevenly, which can lead to structural issues, such as cracking or shifting.

By spreading the weight out, footings also minimize the risk of foundation failure, especially in areas with poor soil quality or varying soil types. This aspect of construction is integral to the overall design and safety of any building project. Other options mentioned, like supporting roofing materials or providing insulation, do not pertain to the specific function of footings, which is focused solely on load distribution and providing a stable base for the entire structure.